A literature review is a critical summary of existing research on a particular topic, typically included in university assignments like dissertations, essays, or research projects. Its main purpose is to give an overview of what has already been studied, allowing you to identify key theories, methods, and findings related to your research question. It helps you understand the current state of knowledge, as well as any gaps or areas of debate in the field. By reviewing the literature, you can position your own work in the context of existing studies, demonstrating how it builds on or challenges previous research.
In a literature review, you evaluate and synthesise the sources, rather than just listing them. This means comparing and contrasting different authors’ viewpoints, highlighting trends or patterns, and critically assessing the strengths and weaknesses of their arguments. A well-done literature review shows that you have a solid grasp of your topic and have engaged deeply with the relevant scholarship. It also provides a foundation for your own research, helping to justify your study’s aims and methods.